LIANZA Paper: Kete Horowhenua.
The paper that Jo spoke to at the LIANZA conference held in Rotorua, NZ in October 2007.
Filename: RANSOM__Joann.DOC ( download )
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Kete Horowhenua : a community built digital library
Joann Ransom
Deputy Head of Libraries &
Kete Project Manager.
Horowhenua Library Trust
jransom@library.org.nz
Abstract:
Horowhenua Library Trust has received 2 grants from the Community Partnership Fund, National Digital Strategy. These have helped finance the building of a web application called Kete Horowhenua.
Kete Horowheuna is a community built digital library of arts, cultural and heritage resources. It aims to get the private collections and memories and knowledge of our community out and sitting alongside our public collections.
The digital photograph collections of the Foxton and Horowhenua Historical Societies (12,000 items) have seeded the database, and contributions of items from our community may be of a range of formats: images of photographs of objects, documents, audio or video footage.
Many thousands of hours of voluntary labour have resulted in fully keyword searchable newspaper stories, biographies, and minutes from the first Borough Council formed in 1906 and the first volume of minutes from the Otaki sitting of the Maori Land Court.
The public and administration interfaces of Kete Horowhenua are internet based, and available to anyone with an internet connection, and the right permissions. The Kete community can participate in a variety of ways: searching the database, editing and adding to Topics (wikipedia-type articles), adding new items, linking Topics and items together, discussing and contacting fellow Kete users with similar research interests.
The software is fully configurable from the web based administration interface. All fields and templates are fully customizable in the set up stage.
Kete Horowhenua was developed with Ruby on Rails, utilizes Zebra z39.50 full text indexing engine developed by IndexData, is fully compatible with Koha, and will be released under a GNU General Public License (GPL). As an open source project the Kete software is available for download and we invite other communities to build their own Kete.
Introduction
7pm one Thursday night in Levin library:
Librarian: Sir ……. The library is closed sorry
Elderly gentleman: I’ve come to give yer a hand.
Librarian: Oh great, on our Kete project?
Elderly gentleman: Yep – thought I should.
(Move to a computer)
Elderly gentleman: So whats[Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ]what’s[Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ] this then?
Librarian: It’s a computer”
Elderly gentleman: And this thing – how does that work?
Librarian: It’s called a mouse. It helps you use the computer; it controls this cursor thing; see the arrow? When it changes to a hand you can click on something.
(Librarian leaves Elderly gentleman to get acquainted with computer)
Some minutes later
Elderly gentleman: I want to make videos of the vintage farm machinery working and stick them on Kete. Its all learning, aye … can’t be that hard …. I’m a builder.
…….
An hour and a half after entering the library that Thursday night, Charlie was ‘cataloguing’ photographs taken at the 2007 API show, of vintage farm machinery; supplying names of people and equipment, explaining the significance of the tests and demonstrations ….. on the live Kete site.
Charlie is the human face of Kete Horowhenua, and demonstrates in a nutshell what we have achieved in our community, in terms of making connections, building IT confidence and creating digital content. In turn, this also directly fulfils the goals of the National Digital and Content Strategies.
National Digital Strategy
Horowhenua Library Trust has been fortunate to receive grants from the 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 funding rounds from the National Digital Strategy : Community Partnerships Fund. These grants contribute seed funding towards initiatives that help deliver the goals of the government’s Digital Strategy [Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ]: improving people’s capability and skills in using ICT, and developing digital content.
The overall Digital Strategy vision is for New Zealand to be a world leader in using information and technology to realise its economic, social, environmental and cultural goals, to benefit all of its people. The Community Partnership Fund is a contestable fund established to support community projects that work:
to realise community aspirations through using ICT
on ICT content, connection and confidence
in partnership with others.
The first grant helped fund the development of the Kete Horowhenua web application. The second grant is helping fund the development of a guided download, install and configure process, which will enable other communities to set up their own Kete easily. It will also fund the development of an online community offering support to developers and users.
Kete complies with open standards, its contents are available under a Creative Commons license, and the code will be released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
National Digital Content Strategy
The New Zealand Digital Content Strategy is a sub-strategy of the National Digital Strategy. It is the government’s five-year vision for unlocking New Zealand’s stock of content and providing all New Zealanders with seamless, easy access to digital information. The Content Strategy has 3 goals with objectives and proposed actions for each; Kete slots directly into 2 of these:
Goal 1 Building digital foundations
Content important to NZ is easy to access, is protected, and kept safe for use by future generations.
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Kete |
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Objectives NZ’s digital content is visible, searchable and easily accessed. Digital content significant to New Zealanders is preserved and protected. |
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Actions International standards for content creation, digitisation and management of rights. Content visible and easily accessible by storing it in interoperable, standards-based “digital warehouses”. NZ content visible to the world Across-sector strategy for the preservation of formal digital Federated content. Review the institutional form of organisations involved in the preservation of, and public access to, film, video and sound content. Support Creative Commons licence Promote protection of intellectual and cultural property rights.
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Open standards
Federated searching
Online
Creative Commons licence Locked baskets |
Goal 2. Unlocking Content
New Zealanders and New Zealand organisations are at the forefront of creating and sharing digital content.
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Kete |
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Objectives A content rich society where the creation, use and sharing of digital content reflects our cultures, languages, histories and identities. A digitally literate and connected society, where all NZers are able to engage in creating, sharing and preserving digital content. |
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Actions Nationwide digitisation programme. Provide support and advice to communities on the standards and tools that enable creation and sharing of content. Support the creation, sharing and preservation of digital content through a peoples’ network. |
Kete code freely available to all. Online community of Kete developers and Users. Content made by the people for the people. Federated searching across Kete. |
The Problem.
Kete Horowhenua was the solution to a problem.
The Library Trust had long worked closely with and supported the local historical societies. We were keenly aware that the sector was struggling. With little professional expertise, little money and few members, it was a challenge trying to balance the conflicting goals of enabling access to the District’s resources while preserving and protecting them for future generations.
Ageing volunteers grappled with the backlog of heritage donations, while a steady stream of new donations, including unsolicited digital images, flowed in as a result of a small online catalogue of 2500 digital images which was a very effective way of promoting the existence of the societies’ collections.
One group had adequate but limited storage facilities, but others, like the genealogists, stored collections in a number of barely suitable venues scattered throughout the town.
Horowhenua District Council was concerned as well. In 2002 they commissioned Janet Bayley to review and prepare recommendations for the development of an arts, culture and heritage strategy for Horowhenua. The Bayly report was comprehensive, thorough and authoritative. It was particularly strong in the coverage of the arts and culture sectors, but rather less comprehensive in the heritage sector.
The Muaupoko Tribal Authority had recently completed a regional partnership project with Te Papa, building a database of Muaupoko taonga. They are thinking, researching and planning strategically in terms of development, marketing and promotion of Muaupoko history and culture.
In 2004 the Library Trust carried out an audit of Arts, Culture and Heritage resources for Council, to assess the extent of the resources currently held in the District and the long-term 'safety' of these resources for future generations. This audit did not redo Bayly's work, rather, it concentrated on quantifying resources and access to them.
While Muaupoko participated in this audit, and contributed their opinions and views freely in the process of researching this report, we adhere to the principle that the Muaupoko story is best told by Muaupoko.
The audit therefore consciously concentrated on heritage issues, to minimise duplication of research previously carried out by both Janet Bayly and Muaupoko Tribal Authority, and to ensure completeness. It looked not only at the size of the matter – the sheer volume of material - but also at the problems in this sector, and sought a path for the future.
Findings:
There is a large amount of material in private hands.
About half may be given to public collections – but half never will.
Most of it is available for loan or copying.
Lots of information is in people’s heads.
Everyone knew someone else with more material and knowledge.
People really do care about arts, cultural and heritage resources.
Physical space is a real issue.
Both the Bayly Report and the Audit agreed that a major concern was the lack of access to arts, cultural and heritage information; Levin has no museum, archive, art gallery or public exhibition space.
The Library Trust then undertook consultation with a number of focus groups to clarify and confirm the problems we had identified and to envisage ideal solutions for each sector: historians, genealogists, artists, students, researchers, librarians and council staff. We knew we could not solve all the problems but felt sure we could solve some. We needed to work out which problems to address and come up with an achievable solution.
We defined the achievable:
To get public collections accessible by getting them online.
To get private collections online too.
To get the stories out of people’s heads.
To include both historical and contemporary material.
To create a ‘virtual’ exhibition space for artists and craftspeople.
To inspire a workforce of volunteers.
The Solution
The solution was for a community-built digital library of arts, culture and heritage resources; images, video, audio, documents, web-links, encyclopedia-like articles and discussion threads with related material clustered together. It would contain both contemporary and historical content. It had to look gorgeous and be very clever but had to look simple and behave intuitively. We wanted it to be self managing and monitoring as far as possible, with no layer of library expertise needed. We wanted to use Open source development tools and release it as an Open Source project, adhere to open standards and build an online community to support it. We wanted to build something which we could give away to anyone who wanted it, so that users could search on just our local database, or extend their search to a neighbouring database.
Echoing the Maori proverb of the three baskets, or Kete, of knowledge, we called our concept Kete.
We contacted our friends at Katipo Communications who helped us develop Koha, and they were keen to become involved. We have a long standing and easy relationship with Katipo and I am sure this helped a lot with developing Kete. We could – and did – have long, loud, excited sessions around a white board or over an Indian meal, hammering out ideas and concepts and relationships and ‘what ifs’ and these resulted in a series of dataflow diagrams which described the processes and functions that we required of Kete.
This was another risky venture for the Horowhenua Library Trustees who had so bravely supported us in developing Koha. How come no one else had done it? Could we do it again? The Kete team were determined to produce a quality product that did what we said it would, on time and within budget. We had to avoid feature creep as we were working to such a tight budget and timeframe.
In thinking big first, and dreaming of how Kete could ultimately look and work, we were able to ensure that the Kete core would contain all the necessary scaffolding for future enhancements.
Development Process
Chief amongst all our requirements was that Kete be a community-built archive rather than Library built. Our original plan was to make the most out of our current experience and build a system based on Koha and Greenstone. We had a good look at this and very early on, could see that this was going to be difficult. The Koha/Greenstone approach would work for a more traditional type collection, where one organisation publishes the collection website. But it is more problematic for a community built collection. Weighing up the time it would take for us to build an add-on for an existing digital library or starting from scratch, we thought that building a system based on a Web Framework might be a better idea. This is where Ruby on Rails comes in.
We had a good look around, and compared to the likes of Catalyst (Perl based framework) and the PHP based frameworks, Ruby on Rails (RoR) appeared to have the most effort being put in and the most dynamic community around it. We are attracted to the idea of using a framework, rather than building everything from scratch. It is also new and shiny!
Kete uses Zebra, a full text indexing engine built by IndexData. This facilitates very fast and very powerful searching over a text based database. It can also handle anything from a few records to many millions. The Koha project has tested the Zebra engine with databases of up to 10 million records. We knew Kete we would go live with 10,000 images, and that we were likely to have 20,000 images 6 months post launch, and this was just one item type; there are also documents, audio, video and topics. Zebra is supported natively with Koha Version 3.0 and Koha version 2.4 includes Zebra support via a plugin. This means it should be easier to do a powerful federated search across Koha and Kete – something important to Horowhenua Library Trust, and to Koha libraries around the world.
The development method we are using means that testing has occurred throughout development and it is unlikely we will ever say: “It's finished”. Three instances of the Kete software are operational on the server at any one time: a development site, a test site and a stable, live site. This means that development has been very fast, and that Library staff are intrinsically involved in the development process, testing each new bit while the next bit was being written. We concentrated on core functions and proof of concept before writing the next bit, i.e. making a process work for 1 item type then moving on to the next process.
Volunteers
We were fortunate at that time a masters student of librarianship had recently inquired about an internship with Horowhenua Library Trust to research Koha. Over the course of a few email messages we managed to convince him that Kete was a much more interesting project. So Pascal came from France, and spent 3 months researching Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 initiatives around the world, licensing options for contributed content, and performing a risk analysis for the Library Trust of managing a collaboratively-built, open source, digital library.
We advertised for volunteers to help create content: “Interesting work but the pay is lousy” and were overwhelmed with the response. We had teams of volunteers typing, transcribing, proof reading, indexing, scanning and cataloguing. 14 typists worked from home transcribing handwritten Council and Maori Land Court Minute books and typing out stories from old newspaper articles which we were having trouble scanning. We also ran a series of Thursday night working bees over 8 weeks which concentrated on digitising the Historical Societies’ photograph collections. These working bees continue to this day – 10 months later – and do not look like ending any time soon. Since Kete is web based workers can easily work from home too, but the working bees do provide a social element to the work.
The shining star of our volunteers is a newly retired Master of Computing looking for something interesting to do after an early self-elected retirement. She agreed to take on the role of Content Manager and took responsibility for coordinating the creation of digital content and managing the volunteers, leaving the Project Manager free to work on development of the web application itself.
Content
We were operating to a very tight timeframe with this project, with deliverables linked to funding cheques. We could not afford to wait until Kete was ‘finished’ before we created content. As soon as our programmer had coded the basics of a digital content manager and input interface it was transferred to the live site – warts and all - and we started creating content. All content was saved into the main database. Upgrades and new work on the code just meant a prettier interface and increased functionality, while the content remaining unchanged.
Early on we settled on a list of Proof of Concept collections and items. We needed to test to make sure Kete could cope with this variety. These included:
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Arts |
Quilters |
Annual exhibition being held in August 2006. Kete to include photographs of the prize winning quilts and quilters, video clip of the opening and award ceremony, scanned exhibition catalogue. |
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Levin Art Society |
As a millennium project the Arts Society had gathered together a collection of paintings by local practising artists, along with interviews and photographs of the artists. Nothing has ever been done with this collection and it sits in a glory box. We wanted this content on Kete. |
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Culture |
Growers Association |
The development of the Growers Association, and specifically, Chinese market gardening, in Horowhenua over the past century can be followed in the association’s archives. Material is all loose leaf, and includes minutes, reports etc. This would be our archives Proof of Concept. |
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Te Kokiri |
Te Kokiri is a school and gallery teaching weaving, including flax, tāniko, tukutuku and korowai. Photographs of the weavers, and their work needed to be included, along with their ‘stories’. |
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Heritage |
Adopt an Anzac |
Community volunteers were researching individuals listed on war memorials in the towns of Horowhenua and finding out the stories behind the names. They were eager to publish their findings on Kete. This would include documents, images and ‘stories’. Because the material is all based on primary resource[Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ] material it needed to be safe from unauthorised editing. This was our ‘locked basket’ Proof of Concept. |
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Corrie Swanwick |
Corrie was a local identity, and the town’s unofficial historian, who died recently. He wrote many stories which were published in the local newspaper, and which his daughter has authorised for use on Kete. We wanted to include a biography and photos of Corrie, his indexes to Levin Chronicles (handwritten in exercise books but they could be typed up), and digitised film footage: our video Proof of Concept. |
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Horowhenua and Foxton Historical Societies. |
Huge collection to draw from: 2500 digitised photographs plus another 9000 waiting to be digitised, 300 digitised museum objects, 2000 minutes of audio cassettes and film reels, clippings, posters and maps, archives, diaries, ephemera. This would provide our audio and image Proof of Concept. |
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Minutes of the Otaki sitting of the Maori Land Court. |
National Archives have given permission for us to digitise the first 12 volumes (being 5 minute books) of the Otaki sitting of the Maori Land Court. This would involve transcribing handwritten script into fully keyword searchable text, scanned pdfs as original source material to compare with the typed text, and extensive use of tags to document variations on names, as the minute takers often mis-spelled names. |
Kete Horowhenua
What you can do
Kete utilises a range of Web2.0 technologies. In a nutshell, Web 2.0 is about active participation with a website rather than being a passive observer.
In Kete, users can:
Search by keywords, or just browse
View linked items and topics
Start or join a discussion around a record
Register for RSS feeds to keep abreast of changes to records you are interested in.
Contact other people with similar interests by email.
Edit records by fixing errors, adding more information
‘Tag’ records by typing in keywords to help other people find an item or topic.
Upload new items
Add relevant websites.
Write new topics or stories
Link items together into meaningful subject clusters
Organisation and vocabulary
Kete Horowhenua is a digital library comprising of range of different records, including ITEMs and TOPICs. ITEMs are files uploaded and ‘catalogued’ in common language by Kete users. They may be in any common file format:
images
documents
audio
video
web-links
discussion comments
Items may be stand alone, or LINKED together into meaningful clusters with a TOPIC. A Topic is like an encyclopedia entry about any subject, person, place, event or thing that someone wants to write about. Items may be linked to any number of Topics.
Topics are built by selecting a template:
general
person
artist
genealogy
serviceman
place
event
structure
organisation
school
collection
publication
Each Topic Template has a number of suggested fields which help guide the writer of the topic, but very few are mandatory. The Topic Templates are hierarchical in nature meaning that each sub topic inherits the fields of its predecessor.
All material contributed to Kete is contributed under the creative Commons license, and on condition that it may be edited or added to by another Kete User, except for those in a Locked Basket.
Locked baskets are special ‘Kete within a Kete”. These are administered by their Owners, have their own ‘homepage’ and Items and Topics are protected from being edited by unauthorised users, although general Kete users can view the contents, start or contribute to a discussion thread, or send an email to the Owner. Locked baskets are set up on application, and in special instances only. We have 3 Locked baskets in Kete Horowhenua: Te Kokiri, Adopt an Anzac Project and Trevor Heath Photography.
Te Kokiri is open to all of its students and tutors, who are able to build online portfolios of their work. The Adopt an Anzac Project has verified all of its content against primary sources, and requires any alterations and additions to be similarly verified before uploading changes to the sit. Trevor Heath is a professional photographer who has an online portfolio of images from throughout the Horowhenua District. These are grouped together in his Kete by event and are uploaded as low resolution files; he is happy for anyone to look at them online and use them for school projects etc, but they are no use for reproduction purposes.
Kete Text editor
The description field for Topics and Items can be extensively formatted with the Kete text editor. This allows for the inclusion of tables, hot links and images. This example shows how tables have been utilised to clarify the relationship between related individuals and generations. Where related Topics exist in Kete they are shown as hotlinks. This Topic for Vincent Ransom also illustrates how template fields (right sidebar) help shape the Topic.
Homepage[Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ]
The Kete Horowhenua homepage provides a number of access points to the digital library to enhance discoverability. We discovered early on that the simple keyword search box on a near empty screen paralysed searchers who did not know what was in Kete or what to search for. A comprehensive help manual is also available from the homepage.
Browse
By clicking on the browse button you can see the entire contents of the database with each item type displaying on a separate tab. You can vary how many records display per page which makes it a pretty quick task to scan a few hundred items in a few minutes. This is an easy way to track new additions to the database; the lists are sorted with the newest or edited ones displaying first. You can also access this list from the Contents on Type list on the homepage sidebar.
Featured Topics
These are a changing selection of topics displaying on the homepage. These may be chosen for a number of reasons: they might be new, or interesting, or demonstrate an excellent use of the KeteText editor.
Slideshow
The homepage also has a continuous slideshow of random images from the database. They change every 20 seconds but a Kete user can click on the image to go to the detailed screen.
Latest 5 Topics
[Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ]We have a dynamic list of the newest 5 topics to be added to the Kete database displaying on the homepage. This promotes the range of material being added.
Keyword Searching
Kete is searched by keywords. The search engine accommodates truncations, simple boolean operators like quote marks for phrasing, and and and or and not to define relationships between search terms and phrases. Kete uses fuzzy searching.
Search Results
Search results are sorted by item or file type, with each item type on its own 'tab' displaying the item count. Tabs in Kete work like tabbed divider pages in a ringbinder, separating items into different categories. You can view specific Item types by clicking on the appropriate tab.
There are many Kete success stories besides Charlie and his vintage farm machinery. We have nearly blind, 80 year old Roz who, though sadly unable to type anymore, still contributes so much by sharing who lived where and what was there and who to ring whenever we show her a photo.
There is the retired engineer, Leo, who is a whizz at photographing oversized photos and lace camisoles; Gus with the bedridden wife who indexes 50 year newspapers into Kete night after night and pops in for ‘fresh news’ once a fortnight; the lovely modest quilting ladies who reluctantly allowed us to photocopy their quilts which cause people to gasp when they find them on Kete; the manic, camera-mad Phil who seems to spend every weekend photographing Levin’s old buildings, street scenes and public art; 9 year old Connor who photographed every house in one of the town's oldest streets of ex-railway houses – including the pregnant cat sunning herself on the footpath; and Ernie with his fabulous sepia coloured photographs taken with a Brownie camera depicting ‘farming the hard way’ in the 30s and 40s.
It is this informal content and the dedication of a community that can only ever be harnessed at a local level, yet adds so much to the national store of content.
Statistics
The Kete database has grown steadily since March 2007 when we asked our community to help populate it.
The Kete website has been well used too, experiencing a big increase when we formally launched the site in June 2007.
Web site analysis proves that it is not just Kete staff generating all that traffic; the numbers of unique visitors have increased as well.
Kete 1.0
We have had lots of inquiries about the Kete Project; this was the impetus behind our second application for a Community Partnership Fund grant. This funding will allow us to do the necessary work to release Kete 1.0 under the GNU General Public License (GPL) complete with:
A Configuration interface for easy download and installation.
A Skin module so each Kete installation can have a distinctive look – Kete Kapiti will look different from Kete Horowhenua.
An Import wizard to populate a new Kete with records drawn from a Past Perfect museum collection management system.
A old.kete.net.nz community for users and developers.
Horowhenua Library Trust is committed to supporting the spread and development of Kete and will be an active participant in the old.kete.net.nz forums along with offering advanced training programmes.
The Kete developers, Katipo Communications, have been commissioned to install 2 new Ketes so far: 1 in Orange County, Florida, USA, and another in Taranaki. Both of these groups have paid for work to be done developing enhancements to the core Kete code or towards the configuration interface. This is the beauty of Open Source; sharing the cost of development. If you simply cannot wait for the DIY kit, contact Katipo in Wellington and they will get you sorted.
Community Partnership Funding
True to the spirit of public libraries, I would like to end this paper with a few words on our experience with the National Digital Strategy [Author ID1: at Thu Nov 30 00:00:00 1899 ]: Community Partnership Funding.
I think they prefer projects which can be easily replicated elsewhere, rather than one-off localised projects. The grants are for seed funding only, so you will need to fund at least 50% of the total project cost from other sources. That 50% contribution is really prohibitive on a big project. My advice in building your budget is start from a zero base. Factor in office space at commercial rents and the value of services like an internet connection, telephone, heating and electricity. These all count as contributed funds as does voluntary labour at realistic hourly rates.
The partnerships aspect was also hard. We partnered with Seniornet and our local Council who, though willing partners in a moral support kind of way, were not particularly helpful in a practical way. They did provide representatives on our monthly governance committee that ensured the project was delivered as required, but ultimately the project was outside their areas of expertise. The itch was ours to scratch: we knew what we were doing and were committed to doing it.
Lessons we learnt from NDS funding:
Application forms
These are a nightmare; we spent 2 – 3 weeks of solid work on each application. However on the upside, all that minute planning, thinking, objective setting, strategic planning, timeline setting, detailed costing, extensive quote gathering, calculation of deliverable dates and budgeting in line with payment dates was ultimately worthwhile when it made reporting comparatively simple. It also made for a successful project - just don’t underestimate how long it takes. And, if you think you will have plenty of time between submitting an Expression of Interest and a Full Application – think again! You will have 2 or 3 weeks so download the previous round's full application form and start working on it the day after you have submitted your EOI.
Reporting
I spent about ¼ of my time managing the project and preparing for monthly Governance Committee meetings and writing extensive quarterly progress reports against deliverables for Department of Internal Affairs. Be scrupulous in your record keeping; invoices for everything and timesheets for all labour. Prove everything – especially that you have met deliverables. I didn’t specifically provide proof that I had done something – merely provided a url link - and a progress payment was withheld for several weeks which caused cash flow problems. Look carefully at the payment schedule: they are linked to specific deliverables and you may need to bank roll the project in between payments.
Bibliography.
Bayly, J. (2002/2003). Arts, Culture and Heritage in Horowhenua : Access, Participation, Co-ordination, Celebration. [Unpublished report for the Horowhenua Library Trust.]
Ransom, J., & Blake, R. (2005). Arts, Culture and Heritage in Horowhenua : an audit of resources 2004 prepared for the Horowhenua District Council. Unpublished report prepared by for the Horowhenua Library Trust.
National Library, et. al. (2006). New Zealand Digital Content Strategy; Creating Digital New Zealand: Discussion Document. Retrieved July 31, 2007, from
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